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Solar Pool

July 14, 2011 By: Admin Category: Solar Heater

Solar Swimming Pool

Shallow water in a pond or lake tend to be more heat than the water that is in a deeper place. This occurs because the sun can warm a basic pond or lake in the area that is more shallow, and that means water that is above become hot.

With the same principle, the sun can be used as a water heater in the building and swimming pool. Most of the water heating system that uses the sun as a source of heat, consists of two main parts: the sun collectors and storage tanks. Collectors that are commonly used flat plate collectors. Collector consists of thin flat box with a transparent top cover part and facing towards the sun. Small pipes that is in the box bring liquids, which can be water or other liquids, to be heated. Pipes is paired on the black plate that serves to absorb heat from the sun. After a heat form in the collector, the liquid is in the pipes will be hot.

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Solar Applications

June 21, 2011 By: Admin Category: Solar Power

Solar Energy Applications

Solar energy technologies use energy from the sun to produce heat, light, hot water, electricity, and even cooling, for homes, commercial and industrial.

There are a variety of technological applications that have been developed to take advantage of solar energy. Technology can be read further below.

Photovoltaics System

Solar cells work by converting sunlight directly into electricity. The electrons in the semiconductor material, the material used to capture sunlight, will move when the sun’s energy in the form of photons hit it. Solar energy is forcing the electrons to move, occur continuously, and consequently there is also a continuous electricity production. Process, which turns sunlight (photons) into electricity (voltage), called the photovoltaic effect.

Solar Cell Module

Solar cells are usually organized into modules that each module can consist of 40 solar cells. Some modules can be arranged to form a PV line fitted with a fixed angle facing south. Or even could be placed in a sun-tracking device, to get more solar energy throughout the day. Several rows of PV could produce enough power for a house. As for industrial applications or power companies, hundreds of lines of PV can be linked to form one large PV systems and sufficient to meet the electricity needs.

Thin Film Solar Cell

Thin film solar cells use several layers of semiconductor material with a thickness in the micrometer scale. Technology allows to create solar cells integrated into rooftops to the skylights. Even solar cells are designed for applications having the same power with actual roof.

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Photovoltaics

November 30, 2009 By: Admin Category: Solar Cells

The history of “Photovoltaic”

history solar photovoltaics 300x246 Photovoltaics The history of “Photovoltaic” (PV) industrial development has been running about 50 years, and have been many studies done in the hope that one day could produce cheap solar cells and feasible compared with artificial electricity (hydro or nuclear) to solve the problem of availability of environment friendly electricity at all levels of this world.

In the late 19th century, solar electricity discovered by German physicist named Alexandre Edmond Becquerel accident where the sun rays fall on the solution of electro-chemical research materials, so the charge of electrons in the solution increases, there is no scientific explanation of the event. Not until the early 20th century, Albert Einstein called the discovery of this natural electrical event with “Photoelectric Effect”, which is the basic understanding of the “Photovoltaic Effect” (Albert Einstein got the Nobel Prize in Physics).

“Photoelectric Effect” comes from Einstein’s observations on a plate of metal release “photon” particles of light energy when exposed to sunlight. Photon continuously urged metal atoms and form a particle “Photon Energy”-is the wave of light energy.

Ultraviolet light waves, light that are high charged photon energy and short wavelength, while red light (infra-red) is low charged photon energy and long waves.

Then around the year 1930, research continued and related to discovery of the “Quantum Mechanics” concept, to create new technologies “solid-state”, which then the Bell Telephone Research Laboratories company create the first solid Solar Cell.

Year 1950 – 1960, technology of solar cell design and efficiency continued and applied to the spacecraft (photovoltaic energies). In 1970′s, the world encourage “renewable” alternative energy sources and environmentally friendly, then the PV is applied to the “low power warning systems” and “offshore buoys” (but the PV production could not be much because it is still “handmade”).

Just in 1980, the PV companies joined with government energy agencies in order to produce the PV cells in large numbers, so the price of solar cells can be more suppressed as low as possible.

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Solar Systems

November 29, 2009 By: Admin Category: General

solar systems2 Solar Systems

Solar system consists of a star called the sun and all the surrounding objects. These objects, including eight known planets with elliptical orbits, meteors, asteroids, comets, dwarf planets, and natural satellites.

Believed that the solar system formed 4.6 billion years since the last and is the result of clumping of gas and dust in space which form the sun and the planets surrounding it.

The solar system is located on the edge of the Milky Way galaxy at a distance of about 2.6 x 1017 km from the center of the galaxy, or about 25,000 to 28,000 light years from the center of the galaxy. Solar system around the Milky Way galaxy center with a speed of 220 km / sec, and it takes time for 225-250 million years for the once around the galactic center. By the age of the solar system about 4.6 billion years, our solar system that has been around the galactic center as much as 20-25 times since formed.

Solar system endured by gravitational influence of the sun and the equivalent system of the solar system, which has a center line of a year light velocity, marked a sprinkling of comets called the Oort cloud. There is also a plate-shaped Oort cloud in the inner solar system that are recognized as the inner Oort cloud.

Caused by a longitudinal planet’s orbit, distance and position of the planets versus the sun position changed based on the position of planet in the orbit.

Origin of the Solar System

Many hypotheses about the origin of the solar system have been presented by experts, including:

Nebula Hypothesis

Nebula hypothesis was first proposed by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) in the year 1775. This hypothesis then perfected by the Marquis de Laplace Pierre in 1796. Therefore, the hypothesis is better known as nebula hypothesis Kant-Laplace. In the early stages of the solar system was still a giant fog. The fog was formed from dust, ice, and gas called nebulae. Elements of the gas mostly hydrogen. Because the its gravitational force, the fog was shrinking and turning in a certain direction. As a result, the temperature heats up and the fog became a giant star called the sun. Giant sun keep on shrinking and its rotation faster. Further gas rings and ice flew around the sun. Due to gravity, these gases condense along with the decrease in temperature and form inner planets. In the same way, the outer planets formed well.

Planetisimal Hypothesis

Planetisimal hypothesis was first proposed by Thomas C. Chamberlain and Forest R. Moulton in 1900. Planetisimal hypothesis says that our solar system formed as a result of another star who nearly crashed into the sun.

Star Tidal Hypothesis

Star tidal hypothesis was first proposed by James Jean and Jaffries Herold in 1917. Tidal hypothesis is very similar to the star planetisimal hypothesis. But the difference lies in the amount of the sun first.

Condensation Hypothesis

Condensation hypothesis originally put forward by the Dutch astronomer named GP Kuiper (1905-1973) in 1950. Condensation hypothesis explains that the solar system formed from a spinning giant fog ball forming giant discs.

Twin Star Hypothesis

Twin star hypothesis originally proposed by Fred Hoyle (1915-2001) in 1956. The hypothesis suggests that firstly our solar system was two stars of similar size and adjacent to one of them exploding leaving small fragments.

History of discovery

Five nearest planet to the Sun than Earth (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn) has been known since ancient times because they all can be seen with the naked eye. Many people in this world have their own names for each planet.

astronomer Solar Systems Development of science and technology in the five centuries of observation and bring people to understand the celestial bodies are liberated from the veil of mythology. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) with his refractor telescope capable of making human eye “more sharply” in observing celestial bodies, which can not be observed by naked eye.

Because Galileo’s telescope could observe more sharply, he could see many changes in the appearance of Venus, as Venus Crescent as a result of position changes of Venus against the Sun. Venus around the Sun reasoning further strengthened its heliocentric theory, namely that the sun is the center of the universe, not the Earth, which was initiated by Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543). Heliocentric arrangement is the sun surrounded by Mercury to Saturn.

Galileo telescopes continue to be improved by other scientists such as Christian Huygens (1629-1695) who discovered Titan, Saturn’s satellites, which were nearly 2 times the distance of Earth-Jupiter orbit.

The development of the telescope is also well balanced with the development of motion calculations of celestial bodies and relationships with each other through the Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) with Kepler’s Law. And the peak, Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) with the law of gravity. With these two theoretical calculations that allows the search and calculation of the celestial bodies further.

In 1781, William Hechell (1738-1782) discovered Uranus. Careful calculation of Uranus orbit concludes that the planet is disturbed. Neptune was discovered in August 1846. The discovery of Neptune was not enough to explain the interference of Uranus orbit. Pluto was later found in 1930. When Pluto was discovered, he was known as the only celestial object that was after Neptune. Then in 1978, Charon, satellites which make a circuit of Pluto found, previously mistaken for the real planet because it does not differ greatly with Pluto. Astronomers later found about 1,000 other small objects in the back of Neptune (called trans-Neptunian objects) are also around the Sun . There may be around 100,000 of similar objects known as Kuiper Belt objects (Kuiper belt is part of the trans-Neptunian objects). Dozens of celestial bodies including the Kuiper Belt Object that is Quaoar (1250 km in June 2002), Huya (750 km in March 2000), Sedna (1800 km in March 2004), Orcus, Vesta, Pallas, Hygiea, Varuna, and 2003 EL61 (1500 km in May 2004). The discovery of 2003 EL61 is horrendous because of this Kuiper Belt object known also have a satellite in January 2005, although smaller than Pluto. And the peak is the discovery of UB 313 (2700 km in October 2003) which was named Xena by its discoverer. Except larger than Pluto, this object also has a satellite.

List of planetary distances

List of planets and the average distance of the planet with the sun in the solar system is as follows:

57.9 million miles to Mercury
108.2 million miles to Venus
149.6 million miles to Earth
227.9 million miles to Mars
778.3 million miles to Jupiter
1427.0 million miles to Saturn
2871.0 million miles to Uranus
4497.0 million miles to Neptune

There is also asteroids circle, mostly around the sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

Because of its rotational toward each axis, equator is the longest circumference in each planet and star.

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Solar Water Heating

November 15, 2009 By: Admin Category: Solar Heater

Benefits of Solar Water Heating

solar water heat1 Solar Water Heating

The fuel needed to heat water can be reduced by solar water heaters because it capture renewable energy, the sun. Many solar water heaters use a small solar electric (photovoltaic) module to power the pump needed to circulate the heat transfer fluid through the collector. Use of these modules allows solar water heater to operate even during a power outage.

Solar water heaters can also be used for hotels and motels, car washing, swimming pools, restaurants, and others.

There are many designs for solar water heaters. But, in general consists of three main components:
1. Solar collectors, which convert solar radiation into heat.
2. Heat exchanger / pump module, which transfers heat from solar collectors into drinking water.
3. Storage tank to store solar hot water.

The most common types of solar collectors used in solar water heaters is a flat plate and evacuated tube collectors. In both cases, one or more collectors are installed on the south facing slope or roof and connected to the storage tank. When there is enough sunlight, a heat transfer fluid, such as water or glycol, is pumped through the collector. When the fluid through the collector, he is heated by the sun. Fluid which is heated and then circulated to heat exchangers, which transfer energy into the water tank.

When the owner of the home using hot water, cold water from the main water into the bottom of the solar storage tank. Solar hot water at the top of the storage tank flows into the conventional water heater and then to the faucet. If the water at the top of the solar storage tank hot enough, no further heating is required. If the solar-heated water is not too hot (because the clouds long enough), a conventional water heaters heat water until the desired temperature.

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Collector Solar

July 08, 2009 By: Admin Category: Solar Accessories

Flat Collector

Flat collectors, and even concentrator is a tool used to collect solar radiation energy so that thermal energy produced can be used in more practical for a variety of processes. Flat solar collector consists of a transparent cover, absorber and insulator. Solar radiation that falls on the surface of the transparent material in the short wave will be forwarded by transparent material and then absorbed by absorber. Black color have an ability to absorb a larger radiation so that most of the sun radiation will be absorbed. Absorption of this radiation will create a high temperature absorber. Heat radiation emanated by absorber but in the form of long waves. Most of the transparent material has an opaque nature of long wave radiation and therefore part of the long wave radiation reflected back by this transparent material to the absorber. Some radiation is absorbed will be reflected back and the rest will experience the same process that is part reflected back to the absorber. Thus, the loss of heat due to radiation can be minimized by flat collector. In addition, the transparent cover also functions as a heat loss barrier carried by the air above the absorber to the environment.

Heat from the absorber is used through heat exchanger to the media of heat carrier. Media of heat carrier commonly used can be air or water. When using water as the media, absorber will conduct heat to the surface of the outside pipes. Then take heat conduction from the outside surface to the inside surface. With the process of convection, heat will move from the inside surface to the water that flows in the pipes, so the water temperature will increase. Water with a high temperature and then used in the other parts of the outside collectors flat. A similar process occurs when air is used as a medium of heat, but in this case the pipe is rarely used. The air above (or below) the absorber heated through convection due to direct contact with the absorber. High temperature air is then flowed out of collectors than used in processes that require hot air.

The performance of a solar collector will depend on the absorptivity characteristics of the absorber, transmissivity of transparent material, overall heat transfer coefficient of the insulator, the transparent material and the absorber.

Absorptivity is the portion of light that is absorbed by an object; transmissivity is the portion of light that is forwarded by an object, while the overall heat transfer coefficient is a power of heat transfer or the opposite of heat resistant.

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Solar Hot Water

May 20, 2009 By: Admin Category: Solar Heater

Solar Hot Water

Executive Summary about Solar Hot Water by Anna Williams

Solar hot water heating systems are a great way to effectively conserve energy and reduce your energy bill.

Important Facts about Solar Hot Water Systems

Solar water heaters can be used in any climate.
The fuel used to run a solar heater is sunshine.
A solar water heater can reduce your water heating bill by fifty to eighty percent.
Aside from reducing your energy bill right now, a solar heating system will protect you from future energy price increases.
When building a new home, or when refinancing, the economic aspect of this becomes even more interesting.
Using solar power to heat your water will significantly reduce your carbon footprint.
Solar heaters can be installed in combination with backup systems.

Types of Solar Hot Water Systems

There are two types of systems, “active solar water heating systems” and “passive solar water heating systems.” With a passive system, the water storage tank must therefore always be positioned above the solar water heater collector.

Active Solar Hot Water Systems

There is also the direct circulation system, where water is simply passed through solar heat collector and then routed to the water storage tank for use.

Passive Solar Hot Water Systems

Passive solar water heating systems are usually cheaper than “active solar water heating systems,” as they do not need controls or pumps to circulate the water.

If you live in a warm climate, a passive water heating system might be all you need. Essentially, solar water heating systems consist of a water storage tank and its solar collectors. The solar collectors are used to collect solar energy (which heats water), and the tanks store the heated water. 75% of the energy consumption of the average home is for hot water and heating. The most economical and effective way of using solar power is through the use of solar heating, and solar hot water heaters.

Homemade Solar Hot Water Heater – One of the Easiest Home Renewable Energy Systems You Could Make?
Executive Summary about Solar Hot Water by Denzil De Vries

Installing a solar hot water system is one of the easier projects to undertake if you are keen to create your own home made renewable energy systems.

The key to the solar hot water system is the solar collector. It is just a tank that has been modified to absorb thermal energy from the Sun. So it may be painted black on the external surfaces and have insulation on the internal surfaces to prevent heat loss.

The flat plate solar collector design uses the same principles but is designed to squeeze even more juice out of the Sun. The plate is painted black to again absorb solar radiation and heat. Along the plate is tubing that will hold water. The tubing exposes far more water to the heat than the ordinary old solar collector. This means more water is heated or made hotter.

Where you place your collector is vitally important but is dictated by two factors. It needs to get as much Sun as it can, so a south facing location in the home is best. But it also needs to move water to the boiler system in the home. So the nearer it is to the boiler the better. If the boiler is well located you could position the solar water collector above the boiler and let gravity move the water from boiler and back to collector based on the heat of the water.

A solar hot water system can be a simple as a solar water collector that has no moving parts or electricity to worry about and a connection to your boiler system.

Most people look into a solar hot water heater because they want to save money on their heating bills. With this in mind a solar hot water heater will help to reduce your bills by pre-heating water that goes into your traditional boiler.

Article You May Be Interested In Reading: Solar Home

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Solar Battery

May 18, 2009 By: Admin Category: Solar Battery

Solar Batteries – Deep Cycle

Executive Summary about Solar Battery by Michael Motley

Batteries are separated into two categories, by application (what the battery is used for) and construction (how the battery is built). Deep-Cycle batteries are the battery of choice for most installations because of the way they are made. Deep-cycle batteries are made to be run completely down relatively fast, and recharged just as fast, constantly. The major applications for deep-cycle batteries are solar electric (PV), backup power source, and boat/RV batteries.

There are 3 main construction types at this time:

Flood (wet)
Gelled
AGM

Flooded batteries are what most people think of when thinking of batteries of this size.

Gelled Batteries or Gel Cells are sealed, and some are valve regulated. They contain gelled acid that was gelled by adding silica gel, making like a battery acid jelly.

AGM (Absorbed Glass Mat) batteries are similar to the gelled batteries but they also have fiberglass mat between the plates of the batter, which is then filled with gel. These batteries are the premier choice if you have any concerns about spilling of battery acid.

The main difference in deep-cycle batteries is thicker plates. The thicker plates allow the deep-cycle battery to be discharged down as much as 80% over and over again. The battery with the thickest plates will last the longest

A battery cycle is one complete discharge and recharge cycle. How deep a battery is discharged directly affects its life span.

Battery Life

There are many variables to deep-cycle battery life. The standard flooded battery 1-6 years. In the deep-cycle family of batteries, the AGM has one advantage over the other two types in it’s class. There is a myth that you shouldn’t store batteries on concrete floors.

Battery Quick Facts

* Almost all batteries have to be cycled 10-20 times before being able to reach full capacity.

* Always keep vent caps on your flooded batteries when charging.

* Lead-Acid batteries do not have a memory. Use only clean water to clean the outside of batteries.

Solar Battery Technology
Executive Summary about Solar Battery by Anne Clarke

People are realizing that they can easily change the way that power is created. For two centuries the world has relied upon fossil fuel, mostly coal and oil, for almost every form of power. It lights our homes, powers our appliances and drives our cars. Unfortunately fossil fuels rely on combustion to release their power. Solar power is an effective way to harness the power of the sun, something plants have been doing for millions of years. It can produce more power during the day than the average home uses. Most houses will use less power during the day, and much less in the summer which is the peak power producing time for solar panels. To be effective this power must be stored somehow.

One popular way of storing solar power is by connecting the solar panels to the existing electrical grid, effectively turning it into a massive solar battery. At night power is taken from the grid as usual. Any power outages can still affect these solar panel set-ups, but no rechargeable batteries have to be used.

Rechargeable batteries are notoriously short lived and expensive. They either have low power flows for a long time with a good capacity, or they have high power flows for short times with poor capacity. Typical batteries, especially lithium ion, have high capacity for storing power, but deliver a weak output and recharge slowly. The ideal solar battery would be able to charge quickly, have a high density for storing power and be able to emit as much of that power as is needed.

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Solar Heater

May 18, 2009 By: Admin Category: Solar Heater

The Benefits Of A Solar Heater: Harnessing The Sun

Executive Summary about Solar Heater by Michelle Bery

A solar heater literally harnesses the energy of the sun. The sun’s core holds enormous energy in the form of radiation; the energy that reaches the earth is considered solar energy.

In the case of a solar heater, we literally “collect” the solar energy that makes its way to earth. Flat plate collectors are thin panels that trap, store, and convert solar energy. When the sun hits the flat plate collector the solar energy is contained inside and used to heat coils within the collector. Those larger structures that are using solar energy find this type of solar heater far more effective for their purposes.

Solar Water Heaters
Executive Summary about Solar Heater by Shweta Rai

Solar water heaters are extremely useful household appliance. These heaters provide ample warm water. Unlike other water heaters, these do not harm the environment. Researches too have proved that these water heaters are quite beneficial. Due to these advantages, solar water heaters are recommended every where.

How solar water heater works?:
These heaters come with storage tank and solar collector. The water is passed through the storage tank and it is heated due to sunlight. There are two pipes, which connect the solar water tank to water heater inside the house. Outlet pipe carries warm water from solar heater to standard heater. The second pipe carries the water in opposite direction. The water heater is painted black, to absorb a lot of light.

How to install these heaters?:
Consult the buyer before buying these water heaters. Make sure that these heaters are placed facing the sun.

What can be approximate cost of these heaters?
Solar water heater cost vary to a large extent.

What are major benefits of these water heaters?
These Water heaters have a number of advantages. They are environment friendly and do not cause any pollution. Secondly, they reduce your electricity expenditure to a large extent

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Solar Pool

Solar Swimming Pool

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